ISC 12th Syllabus
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Short Details of www.cisce.org 12th Syllabus
Conducted Body: Council for the Indian
School Certificate Examinations Board
Page Include Information about: ISC 12th
Syllabus
Date of Exam – Declare soon
Exam Name – CISCE Board Class (XII)
Exam
Status of Syllabus – Issued
Official Website: www.cisce.org
www.cisce.org 12th Exam Pattern All the Details
ISC 12th Syllabus for English
Prose and Drama
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Life
of the playwright and novelist and important events therein.
Evaluation
of characters and the roles played by them in the text.
Description
of each incident in the play or novel and its significance.
Important
themes and motifs of the text.
Relationships
between characters and incidents.
Patterns
and nuances of the text.
Fantasy
and the supernatural.
Stylistic
and narrative devices.
Students’
personal response to an assessment of the novel/play.
Humour,
pathos, tragedy, sarcasm and so on in the texts.
The
novel/play in the context of contemporary society.
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Poetry
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1. Symbolism
and Imagery.
|
2. Fantasy
and the supernatural if present in any poem.
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3. Patterns
and nuances of the poems.
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4. Important
themes of the poems.
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5. A
thorough knowledge of the poets’ lives and styles of writing.
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6. simile
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metaphor
personification
apostrophe
alliteration
assonance
repetition
irony
imagery
enjambment
pun
contrast
climax
and anti-climax
onomatopoeia
hyperbole
oxymoron
litotes
symbolism
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7. Different
types of poems with their characteristics and features:
|
lyric
sonnet
– both Petrarchan (Italian) and Shakespearean
ballad
elegy
blank
verse
free
verse
narrative
poetry
pastoral
poetry
dramatic
monologue
romantic
poetry
|
8. All
literary devices in detail and how to recognize them:
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Life
of the poet and how it has impacted his/her style of writing
Autobiographical
element in the poem
Type
of poem
Setting
Theme
Mood
and atmosphere
Different
levels of meaning in the poem, if any
Rhyme
scheme and its significance
Symbolism
Imagery
Literary
devices
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ISC
12th Syllabus For Chemistry
SECTION A
1. Relative Molecular Mass and Mole
Normality, molality, molarity, mole fraction, as measures of
concentration
Raoult's law and colligative properties
Nonvolatile, non electrolytic solute
Dissociation - Electrolytic solute
Association
Relative molecular mass of non-volatile substances:
By relative lowering of vapour pressure.
Depression in freezing point.
Elevation in boiling point method.
Osmotic pressure and its application in the determination of
relative molecular mass.
Van’t Hoff factor
Van’t Hoff equation and its interpretation
Simple numerical problems on different methods mentioned above
for the determination of molecular masses. Abnormal molecular masses in case of
electrolytes and in case of solutes which associate.
2. States of Matter: Structure and Properties
Solid State: Crystalline and amorphous substances;
lattice; unit cell; 3–D packing of atoms in a crystal lattice; relation between
radius, edge length and nearest neighbour distance of atoms in a unit cell;
density of a unit cell; interstitial void; imperfections in solids, ionic,
metallic and atomic solids, electrical and magnetic properties.
3. Chemical Kinetics: Qualitative meaning of
chemical kinetics, comparison with chemical dynamics; slow and fast reactions;
rate of reactions; factors affecting the rate of reaction such as:
concentration, temperature, nature of reactants and products, surface area of
reactants, presence of catalyst and radiation; Rate constant; Rate law; Law of
Mass Action; concept of energy barrier; threshold energy, activation energy;
formation of activated complex; exothermic and endothermic reactions; collision
theory for a chemical change; order of a reaction; rate equation of zero and
first order reaction; half life period; molecularity of a reaction; mechanism
of elementary and overall reaction; variation of rate constant with temperature;
Arrhenius equation – K=Ae-Ea/RT; related graphs; catalyst.
4. Chemical Equilibria: Reversible reactions
and dynamic equilibrium. The concept of equilibrium constant in terms of
concentration or partial pressure to indicate the composition of the equilibrium
mixture. The following are the examples: the dissociation of dinitrogen
tetroxide, hydrolysis of simple esters, the Contact Process for the
manufacture of sulphuric acid, the synthesis of ammonia by Haber’s process.
Le Chatelier’s Principle and its applications to chemical
equilibria.
5. Ionic Equilibria
Ostwald’s dilution law and its derivation. Strength of acids and
bases based on their dissociation constant.
Arrhenius, Brönsted-Lowry and Lewis concept of acids and bases,
Multistage ionization of acids and bases with examples.
Ionic product of water, pH of solutions and pH indicators.
Common ion effect.
Salt hydrolysis.
Buffer solutions.
Solubility product and its applications.
6. Electro chemistry
Faraday’s laws of Electrolysis, Coulometer.
Relation between Faraday, Avogadro’s number and charge on an
electron. F = NAe should be given (no details of Millikan’s experiment are
required).
Galvanic cells, mechanism of current production in a galvanic
cell; and electrode potential, standard hydrogen electrode, electrochemical
series, Nernst equation.
Electrolytic conductance: specific conductance. Measuring of
molar and equivalent conductance; Kohlrausch's law.
Corrosion.
Batteries.
SECTION B
7. Coordination Compounds: Concept
of complexes; definition of ligands; classification of ligands, coordination
number, coordination sphere; IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds;
isomerism; magnetic characteristics of coordination compounds on the basis of
valence bond theory and crystal field theory. Stability constant; uses of
coordination compounds in different fields
8. Chemistry of p-Block Elements: Group
16, 17, 18 - The following should be included: (a) Occurrence, (b) Physical
State, (c) Electronic configuration, (d) Atomic and ionic radii, (e) Common
oxidation states, (f) Electronegative character, (g) Ionisation enthalpy, (h)
Oxidising nature, (i) Nature of oxides, hydroxides, hydrides, carbonates,
nitrates, chlorides, sulphates, wherever applicable.
9. Preparation/ Manufacture, Properties and Uses of
Compounds of Groups 16, 17
Ozone, Hydrogen peroxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Sulphuric Acid,
Hydrochloric Acid
10. Chemistry
of Transition and Inner-Transition Elements
D-Block: 3d, 4d and 5d series
F-Block: 4f and 5f series
Study in terms of metallic character, atomic and ionic radii,
ionisation enthalpy, oxidisation states, variable valency, formation of
coloured compounds, formation of complexes, alloy formation.
Lanthanoids: Lanthanoid contraction, shielding
effect, radioactive nature.
Actinoids: general electronic configuration,
oxidation state, comparison with lanthanoids and uses.
Metallurgy of Al, Zn, Fe, Cu and Ag in terms of equations,
thermodynamics and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals;
electrolytic refining and uses.
Compounds:
Silver nitrate: equation of
preparation, use in laboratory and in photography.
Potassium permanganate: structure, shape,
equation of extraction from pyrolusite ore, its oxidising nature in acidic,
basic and neutral medium, use in redox titration.
Potassium dichromate: equation of extraction
from chromite ore, structure and shape of molecule and its use in titration.
SECTION
C
11. Alkyl and Aryl Halides
The nomenclature of aliphatic compounds containing halogen atom.
Preparation, properties, uses of haloalkanes.
Preparation, properties, and uses of the following: ethyl
bromide, chloroform, iodoform, haloform reaction.
Chlorobenzene.
Organometallic compounds.
12. Alcohols and Phenols
Classification, general formulae, structure and nomenclature.
Methods of preparation, manufacture, properties and uses.
Preparation, properties and uses of ethane-1, 2 diol, propane-1,
2, 3 triol (outline- no details)
Conversion of one alcohol into another.
Distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
13. Ethers, Carbonyl Compounds
Ethers: general formula and structure. Nomenclature; preparation,
properties and uses of ether (outline, no detail), with reference to diethyl
ether
Carbonyl compounds: methods of preparation,
properties and uses of aldehydes and ketones.
14. Carboxylic acids and Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acids: classification,
general formulae, structure and nomenclature: monocarboxylic acids, general
methods of preparation, properties and uses of acids.
Acid derivatives: laboratory
preparation, properties and uses of acetyl chloride, acetic anhydride,
acetamide, ethylacetate; urea preparation (by Wohler's synthesis), properties
and uses of urea, manufacture of urea from ammonia and by cyanamide process.
15. Cyanides, Isocyanides, Nitro compounds, Amines and
Diazonium Salts
Their nomenclature, general methods of preparation, correlation
of physical properties with their structure, chemical properties, their uses
16. Polymers
Polymerisation: the principle of
addition and condensation polymerisation illustrated by reference to natural
and synthetic polymers e.g. proteins, polyolefins and synthetic fibres;
thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, chemotrophs; reference should also be
made to the effect of chain-length and cross-linking on physical properties of
polymers.
17. Biomolecules
Carbohydrates,
proteins, enzymes, vitamins and nucleic acids
ISC 12 Syllabus For Mathematics
SECTION A
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1. Determinants
and Matrices:
(i)
Determinants
Order.
Minors.
Cofactors.
Expansion.
Properties
of determinants.
Simple
problems using properties of determinants
Cramer's
Rule
(ii)
Matrices
Martin’s
Rule
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2. Boolean
Algebra:
Boolean
algebra as an algebraic structure, principle of duality, Boolean function.
Switching circuits, application of Boolean algebra to switching circuits.
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3. Conics:
As a
section of a cone.
Definition
of Foci, Directrix, Latus Rectum.
PS =
ePL where P is a point on the conics, S is the focus, PL is the perpendicular
distance of the point from the directrix.
(i)
Parabola
(ii)
Ellipse
(iii)
Hyperbola
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4.
Inverse Trigonometric Function
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5. Calculus:
(i)
Differential Calculus
(ii)
Integral Calculus
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6. Correlation
and Regression:
Definition
and meaning of correlation and regression coefficient.
Coefficient
of Correlation by Karl Pearson.
Rank
correlation by Spearman’s (Correction included).
Lines
of regression of x on y and y on x.
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7. Probability:
Random
experiments and their outcomes.
Events:
sure events, impossible events, mutually exclusive events, independent events
and dependent events.
Definition
of probability of an event.
Laws
of probability: addition and multiplication laws, conditional probability
(excluding Baye’s theorem).
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8. Complex
Numbers:
Argument
and conjugate of complex numbers.
Sum,
difference, product and quotient of two complex numbers additive and
multiplicative inverse of a complex number.
Simple
locus question on complex number;
Triangle
inequality.
Square
root of a complex number.
Demoivre’s
theorem and its simple applications.
Cube
roots of unity: 1,ω,ω2 ; application problems.
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9. Differential
Equations:
Differential
equations, order and degree.
Solution
of differential equations.
Variable
separable.
Homogeneous
equations and equations reducible to homogeneous form.
Linear
form
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SECTION B
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10.
Vectors
Scalar
(dot) product of vectors.
Cross
product - its properties - area of a triangle, collinear vectors.
Scalar
triple product - volume of a parallelopiped, co-planarity.
Proof
of Formulae (Using Vectors):
Sine
rule
Cosine
rule
Projection
formula
Area
of a Δ = ½ ab sin C
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11.
Co-ordinate Geometry in 3-Dimensions
(i) Lines:
Cartesian
and vector equations of a line through one and two points.
Coplanar
and skew lines.
Conditions
for intersection of two lines.
Shortest
distance between two lines.
(ii) Planes:
Cartesian
and vector equation of a plane.
Direction
ratios of the normal to the plane.
One
point form.
Normal
form.
Intercept
form.
Distance
of a point from a plane.
Angle
between two planes, a line and a plane.
Equation
of a plane through the intersection of two planes
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12.
Probability:
Baye’s
theorem; theoretical probability distribution, probability distribution
function; binomial distribution - its mean and variance.
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SECTION C
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13. Discount:
True
discount; banker's discount; discounted value; present value; cash discount,
bill of exchange.
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14. Annuities:
Meaning,
formulae for present value and amount; deferred annuity, applied problems on
loans, sinking funds, scholarships. NOTE: Annuity due is required to be
covered.
|
15. Linear
Programming:
Introduction,
definition of related terminology such as constraints, objective function,
optimization, isoprofit, isocost lines; advantages of linear programming;
limitations of linear programming; application areas of linear programming;
different types of linear programming (L.P.), problems, mathematical
formulation of L.P problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two
variables, feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible solutions,
optimum feasible solution.
|
16. Application
of derivatives in Commerce and Economics:
Cost
function, average cost, marginal cost, revenue function and break even point.
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17. Index
numbers and moving averages:
Price
index or price relative.
Simple
aggregate method.
Weighted
aggregate method.
Simple
average of price relatives.
Weighted
average of price relatives (cost of living index, consumer price index).
|
ISC 12 Syllabus For Physics
SECTION A
1. Electrostatics
Coulomb's law, S.I. unit of charge; permittivity of free space.
Concept of electric field E = F/qo; Gauss' theorem and its
applications.
Electric dipole; electric field at a point on the axis and
perpendicular bisector of a dipole; electric dipole moment; torque on a dipole
in a uniform electric field.
Electric lines of force.
Electric potential and potential energy; potential due to a
point charge and due to a dipole; potential energy of an electric dipole in an
electric field. Van de Graff generator.
Capacitance of a conductor C = Q/V, farad; capacitance of a
parallel-plate capacitor; C = ε0A/d. Capacitors in series and parallel
combinations; effective capacitance and charge distribution. Energy stored
Dielectrics (elementary ideas only); permittivity and relative
permittivity of a dielectric (εr = ε/εo). Effects on pd, charge and
capacitance. Electric polarisation.
2. Current Electricity
Mechanism of flow of current in metals, drift velocity and
mobility of electrons, Ohm’s Law and its proof. Resistance and resistivity and
their relation to drift velocity of electrons; description of resistivity and
conductivity based on electron theory; effect of temperature on resistance,
colour coding of resistance.
Potential difference as the power supplied divided by the
current. Ohm's law (V-I characteristics) and its limitations; Combinations of
resistors in series and parallel; Electric energy and power.
Electromotive force in a cell; internal resistance and back emf.
Combination of cells in series, parallel and mixed grouping.
Kirchoff's laws and their simple applications to circuits with
resistors and sources of emf; Wheatstone bridge, metre-bridge and
potentiometer; use to measure potential difference and for comparison of emf
and determination of internal resistance of sources of current; use of
resistors (shunts and multipliers) in ammeters and voltmeters.
3. Magnetism
Magnetic field B, definition from magnetic force on a moving
charge; magnetic field lines; magnetic field and magnetic flux density; the
earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements; Magnetic field of a magnetic
dipole.
Properties of dia, para and ferromagnetic substances; susceptibility
and relative permeability, hysteresis.
4. Electromagnetism
Oersted's experiment; Biot-Savart law, the tesla; magnetic field
near a long straight wire, at the centre of a circular loop, and at a point on
the axis of a circular coil carrying current. Amperes circuital law and its
application to obtain magnetic field due to a long straight wire and a
solenoid.
Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field; force on a current
carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field; force between two long and parallel
current carrying wires; definition of ampere based on the force between two
current carrying wires. Cyclotron.
A current loop as a magnetic dipole; magnetic dipole moment;
torque on a current loop (magnetic dipole); moving coil galvanometer.
Electromagnetic induction, magnetic flux and induced emf;
Faraday's laws and Lenz's law, motional emf; eddy currents.
Mutual and self inductance: the henry. Growth and decay of
current in LR and RC circuits (dc) (graphical approach), time constant.
Transformer.
Simple a.c. generators. Basic differences between a.c. and d.c.
5. Alternating Current Circuits
Change of voltage and current with time, phase; peak and rms
values of voltage and current; their relation in sinusoidal case.
Variation of voltage and current in a.c. circuits consisting of
only a resistor, only an inductor and only a capacitor (phasor representation),
phase lag and phase lead.
The LCR series circuit: phasor diagram,
expression for V or I; phase lag/lead; impedance of a series LCR circuit
(arrived at by phasor diagram); Special cases for RL and RC circuits.
Power P associated with LCR circuit = ½VoIo cosφ
=VrmsIrms cosφ = Irms2R; power absorbed and power dissipated; choke coil
(choke and starter); electrical resonance; bandwidth of signals and Q factor;
oscillations in an LC circuit (ω = 1/√LC).
SECTION B
6. Wave Optics
Complete electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma
rays; transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Huygen's principle; laws of
reflection and refraction from Huygen's principle.
Conditions for interference of light, interference of
monochromatic light by double slit; Young’s double slit experiment, measurement
of wave length.
Single slit Fraunhofer diffraction (elementary explanation).
Plane polarised electromagnetic wave (elementary idea), methods
of polarisation of light. Brewster's law; polaroids.
7. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Reflection of light by spherical mirrors.
Refraction of light at a plane interface, Snell's law; total
internal reflection and critical angle; total reflecting prisms and optical
fibres.
Refraction through a prism, minimum deviation and derivation of
relation between n, A and δmin.
Refraction at a single spherical surface (relation between n1,
n2, u, v and R); refraction through thin lenses (lens maker's formula and
formula relating u, v, f, n, R1 and R2); lens formula, combined focal length of
two thin lenses in contact. Combination of lenses and mirrors [Silvering of
lens excluded] and magnification. Spherical aberration.
Dispersion; dispersive power; pure and impure spectrum;
Scattering of light. Chromatic aberration.
Simple microscope; Compound microscope and their magnifying
power.
Simple astronomical telescope (refracting and reflecting),
magnifying power and resolving power of a simple astronomical telescope.
Human Eye, Defects of vision and their correction.
SECTION C
8. Electrons and Photons
Photo electric effect, quantization of radiation; Einstein's
equation; threshold frequency; work function; stopping potential; energy and momentum
of a photon. Determination of Planck’s Constant.
Wave particle duality, De Broglie equation, phenomenon of
electron diffraction (qualitative only).
9. Atoms
Charge and size of nuclei (α-particle scattering); atomic
structure; Bohr's postulates; radii of Bohr orbits for hydrogen atom; energy of
the hydrogen atom in the nth state; line spectra of hydrogen and calculation of
ΔE and f for different lines.
Production of X-rays; maximum frequency for a given tube
potential. Characteristic and continuous X -rays. Moseley’s law.
10. Nuclei
Atomic masses; Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones; unified atomic
mass unit u and its value in MeV; composition and size of nucleus; mass defect
and binding energy. Energy - mass equivalence.
Radioactivity: nature and radioactive decay law, half-life, mean
life and decay constant. Nuclear reactions.
11. Nuclear Energy
Nuclear fission; chain reaction; principle of operation of a
nuclear reactor.
Nuclear fusion; thermonuclear fusion as the source of the sun's
energy.
12. Semiconductor Devices
Energy bands in solids; energy band diagrams for distinction
between conductors, insulators and semi-conductors - intrinsic and extrinsic;
electrons and holes in semiconductors.
Junction diode; depletion region; forward and reverse biasing,
V-I characteristics; half wave and a full wave rectifier; solar cell, LED and
photodiode. Zener diode.
Junction transistor; npn and pnp transistors; current gain in a
transistor and transistor as an amplifier in common emitter mode (only circuit
diagram and qualitative treatment); transistor as a switch; oscillator.
Elementary idea of discreet and integrated circuits, analogue
and digital signals. Logic gates (symbols; working with truth tables;
applications and uses) - NOT, OR, AND, NOR, NAND. Combination of gates.
13. Communication Systems
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, sky and
space wave propagation, need for modulation, amplitude and frequency
modulation, bandwidth of signals, bandwidth of transmission medium, basic elements
of a communication system (block diagram only).
ISC 12th Syllabus Biology
SECTION A
1. Origin and Evolution of Life
Origin of life: living and
nonliving; chemical evolution; organic evolution - Oparin ideas, Miller-Urey
experiments; interrelationship among organisms and evidences of evolution:
morphological evidences - homology and analogy, vestigial organs, atavism;
embryological, palaeontological (fossils) and biogeographical evidences,
molecular (genetic) evidences.
Theories of evolution: Lamarckism:
evidences in favour of Lamarckism (giraffe’s neck), criticism of Lamarckism;
Darwinism: basic postulates of Darwinism, drawbacks of Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism
(Modern Synthetic Theory); Hardy Weinberg’s principle; variations: causes of
variation, mutation, selected examples and types of natural selection (DDT
resistance in mosquito, sickle-cell anaemia); artificial selection;
adaptations. Human evolution: Dryopithecus, Australopithecus, Homo erectus,
Homo neanderthalensis, Cromagnon man and Homo sapiens; differences between apes
and man.
SECTION B
2. Multicellularity
A. Plants
T. S of young dicot and monocot stem, T. S of young dicot and
monocot root and V. S. of dicot and monocot leaf. Secondary growth in stem:
brief idea of formation of secondary xylem and secondary phloem by cambium ring
formation, annual rings.
Absorption and movement of water in plants: diffusion,
imbibition, osmosis, osmotic pressure, turgor pressure, wall
pressure, water potential, diffusion pressure deficit. Mechanism of water
absorption (active and passive absorption), root pressure, transpiration, transpiration
pull theory for ascent of sap, mechanism of opening and closing of stomata
(active potassium theory), guttation.
Photosynthesis: ultra structure of chloroplast, photochemical
and biosynthetic phases, absorption and action spectra, factors affecting
photosynthesis, photophosphorylation; photorespiration, transport of solutes.
Reproduction and development in angiosperms: vegetative
reproduction, structure of a typical flower, types of inflorescence (racemose
and cymose), sexual reproduction: development of male and female gametophytes,
placentation, pollination, fertilisation (Amphimixis) and formation of
endosperm, embryo, seed and fruits (broadly classified). Apomixis,
Polyembryony, Parthenocarpy. Significance of seed and fruit formation.
Differentiation and organ formation.
B. Animals
Reproduction (human): internal structure of human testis and
ovary, menstrual cycle, gametogenesis, embryonic development in mammals (up to
three germ layers). Medical termination of pregnancy, infertility. Amniocentesis.
Assisted reproductive technologies.
SECTION
C
3. Genetics
Fundamentals of Genetics: concept of alleles: dominant and
recessive; phenotype and genotype, homozygous and heterozygous, mono and
dihybrid crosses.
Mendel’s experiments with peas; Mendel’s Principles of
inheritance, incomplete dominance, co-dominance and multiple alleles, Polygenic
inheritance, Pleiotropy.
Genes: packaging of hereditary material in chromosomes. Linkage
and crossing over; mutation, sex determination and sex linkage, search for DNA
as genetic material, central dogma; genetic code, protein synthesis. Human
genome project. DNA finger printing.
Recombinant DNA technology and its applications.
4. Applications of Biology
Crop improvement: methods of crop
improvement: selection, hybridisation, plant breeding, plant introduction,
tissue culture; single cell protein; biofortification; biopesticides.
Biotic community: intraspecific and
interspecific relationship, commensalism, predation, scavenging, parasitism,
symbiosis, biotic stability, biotic succession and ecological adaptations.
Biodiversity today: importance of
biodiversity, types of biodiversity, genetic conservation, gene banks
and cryopreservation. Loss of biodiversity - threatened, endangered and
extinct species. Strategies for conservation of biodiversity - in-situ and
ex-situ
Biofertilisers: green manure,
nitrogen fixation - symbiotic and non-symbiotic organisms, nitrogen cycle.
Human Diseases: Body’s defence
mechanisms: (specific and non-specific); immune disorders (SCID and AIDS);
allergies, interferons. Communicable diseases: causative agent, symptoms and
prevention of the following: bacterial diseases (typhoid and pneumonia),
viral diseases (common cold, swine flu and dengue), protozoa (malaria, and
amoebiasis), helminthes (ascariasis, ringworm, and filariasis); sexually
transmitted diseases (STD). Non-communicable diseases: cancer (types, causes,
diagnosis and treatment); human genetic disorders: (haemophilia, thalassaemia,
Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner syndrome). Rh factor
incompatibility - during transfusion and pregnancy. Genetic counselling; a
brief idea of stem cells, organ transplants and immunosuppression
Adolescent issues: alcoholism and
drugs.
Biomedical Engineering: (only
applications) Instruments - ECG, EEG, CT scan, ultrasound, MRI,
pacemakers, implants, dialysis, external prosthesis.
Human population: population growth
curves, causes of increase in population.
Animal Husbandry: Dairy farm
management, poultry farm management, apiculture, pisiculture.
ISC 12th Syllabus for Commerce
1.
Business Environment
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Concept
and importance of Business Environment.
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2.
Financing
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Capital:
Sources of finance for sole trader; partnership; Joint Stock Company;
financial planning.Sources of finance for a Joint Stock Company.
Different
types of shares: equity, preference. Bonus shares, rights issue, ESOP, Sweat
Equity Shares, Retained earnings.
Loan
capital: debentures.
Loans
from commercial banks and Financial Institutions.
Short-term
sources of funds.
Banking
- latest trends.
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3.
Management
|
Management:
Meaning, objectives and characteristics of management.
Nature
of Management - Science, Art and Profession.
Importance
of Management.
Principles
of Management: nature of principles; need for principles.
Functions
of Management: Planning; Organising; Staffing; Directing; Controlling and
Coordinating.
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4.
Marketing
|
Marketing:
concept and functions.
Marketing
Mix.
Consumer
protection: rights of consumers, methods of consumer protection.
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Please get pdf of syllabus through –
History
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Political
Science
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Geography
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Sociology
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Psychology
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Economics
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Computer
Science
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Physical
Education
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